COLONIZING THE NATIVES: A STUDY OF ENDO-COLONIZATION IN THE SHADOW OF THE CRESCENT MOON

Abstract

This study analyzes Fatima Bhutto’s The Shadow of the Crescent Moon from the perspective of Endo-colonization. The ways of colonization and control take on new forms in the contemporary times.  Paul Virilio and Sylvere Lotringer (2008) term this modern form of colonization as Endo-colonization. It involves the colonization of one’s own civilian society. This is brought about by employing various techniques and strategies. The study is qualitative in nature and close reading technique is used to explore the Endo-colonial elements in the novel. The selected novel's words, sentences, and characters have been examined to determine the necessary themes and subjects. The researcher also gathered pertinent data by reading relevant books, journals, and articles. Paul Virilio and Sylvere Lotringer’s theory of Endo-colonization is used while the acquired facts are explored and weighed. By doing this, it is found that the Pakistani state is using number of tactics to sustain control over its own civilian society, i.e., Mir Ali. Having implications in the area of Endo-colonization, the study explores the strategies used by a state to perpetuate control over its own societal sector.