Barriers to Social Inclusion and Gender Equality for Transgenders in Pakistan
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Abstract
This research aims to examine the barriers to social inclusion and gender equality for transgenders in Pakistan. This qualitative exploratory study utilized interpretivism as its research paradigm, used a phenomenological approach and thematic analysis. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were performed to collect data. The research revealed that the difficulties faced by transgender individuals in Pakistan are complex and diverse, notwithstanding recent legal advancements like the 2018 Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act. Societal stigma and prejudice continually hinder their full participation in several aspects of life, including economic marginalization, limited access to education and healthcare, and pervasive social ostracism. These impediments are ingrained in cultural conventions and systemic biases that perpetuate discrimination and violence against transgender individuals. Thorough advocacy and customized actions are crucial to addressing these challenges.
Pakistan must promote gender equality and social justice for transgender communities through legislation, policies, diversity advocacy, healthcare access, and support services, requiring policy reforms, education, and awareness from stakeholders. The results of this study are significant for governmental institutions, policymakers, NGOs, international organizations, and social and transgender communities. The findings of this research can be used to develop policies for transgender individuals to mitigate gender inequalities and social exclusion.