Political Instability and Governance Challenges in Pakistan: The Impact of Political Polarization and Corruption on Policy Continuity and Public Trust (2018-2023)

Abstract

Political instability and governance challenges in Pakistan are intricately linked to political polarization and corruption, which have profound implications for policy continuity and public trust. This study investigates the dynamics of these issues, focusing on the period from 2018 to the present. Political polarization, characterized by deep divisions among political parties and their supporters, has let to frequent changes in government policies, creating an environment of unpredictability and inconsistency. These abrupt policy shifts hinder long-term planning and sustainable development, exacerbating economic and social challenges. Furthermore, corruption remains a pervasive issue, undermining the efficiency and integrity of governmental institutions. The entrenchment of corrupt practices at various levels of governance erodes public trust, leading to widespread disillusionment and skepticism towards the political system. This distrust is further compounded by the lack of accountability and transparency in political processes, making it difficult for citizens to believe in the efficacy and fairness of their leaders. Through an analysis of recent political events, governance practices, and public opinion, this study aims to highlight the critical need for reforms that address these root causes of instability. The findings underscore the importance of fostering political cohesion, enhancing institutional integrity, and promoting transparent governance to restore public confidence and ensure policy continuity in Pakistan.