Analyzing the Role of Sports in Countering Extremism at Religious Seminaries (Madrassas) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract

Extremism poses a significant threat to stability and security in Pakistan, particularly within religious seminaries (Madrassas) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. This paper investigates the potential of sports in countering extremism within these institutions, recognizing the complex interplay of socio-economic factors, political instability, and ideological influences contributing to radicalization. Drawing upon the "Surplus Energy Theory of Play," the study examines how sports and physical activities can serve as outlets for unexpended energy, potentially mitigating the allure of extremist ideologies. Through a descriptive methodology and quantitative analysis of 384 students and 100 teachers across various districts, the research reveals insights into participant demographics, physical activity patterns, awareness of extremism, and perceptions of sports' impact on tolerance. The findings indicate a strong belief among participants in the positive influence of sports on fostering tolerance and preventing extremism. Despite a lack of awareness about theories such as the Surplus Energy Theory, the study underscores the potential of sports to promote social cohesion and mitigate radicalization risks. Recommendations for promoting sports in religious seminaries, including providing facilities and organizing events, offer pragmatic approaches to leveraging sports for holistic development and community engagement. By shedding light on the multifaceted role of sports in fostering social integration and promoting peace, this research contributes to the discourse on education reform, community building, and extremism prevention in Pakistan.