Human Security Paradigm in Pakistan: The Case of Hazaras in Quetta, Pakistan

Abstract

Pakistan comprises a pluralistic society characterised by diverse ethnic, religious, cultural, and linguistic identities. Since its inception, Pakistan has faced numerous challenges, but diverse religious and ethnic minorities have emerged as a particularly major and complex concern for Pakistan. After gaining independence, the ruling authorities of Pakistan started to establish Islam in a manner that caused religious minorities to feel unsafe. Numerous sectarian clashes have affected the Shia Hazara community and other religious minorities. The study examines the complex nature of human security, encompassing personal, community, and political dimensions, and how these are critically endangered for the Hazara community. The Hazaras, an ethnic and religious minority, face severe threats due to sectarian violence, terrorism, and systemic discrimination, which undermine their safety, economic stability, and overall well-being.. The findings underscore the urgent need for a paradigm shift in Pakistan's approach to human security, advocating for policies that prioritize the protection and empowerment of marginalized communities. This study contributes to the broader discourse on human security by highlighting the specific vulnerabilities and resilience of the Hazaras in Quetta.