"Pakistan-Soviet Relations: A Comprehensive Study of Political, Cultural, and Economic Relations (1947-1958)

Abstract

Pakistan emerged as an independent State during the onset of the Cold War between the two ideologically rival superpowers, United States of America and Soviet Union. Initially, Pakistan adhered to a non-aligned foreign policy under the guidance of its founder, Muhmmad Ali Jiannah. However, the conflict over Kashmir, Pakistan pressing economic and military needs, and the complex dynamics of the Cold War era, the world view of Pakistani elite, drew Pakistan closer to the United States. On the other side, in the last year of 1940s, both the super powers paid limited attention to the Indian Subcontinent due to their engagement in Eastern and Central Europe’s political settlement. However, certain global events such as the Chinese Revolution and Korian War, etc. prompted both superpowers to shift their focus towards India and Pakistan. Pakistan became an ally of the US in its plans to contain the possible spread of communism. In 1950s, Pakistan entered into four different treaties with the United States. The Soviet Union, in response posed challenges for Pakistan by supporting India and Afghanistan on issues related to Kashmir and Pakhtunistan. During this period of the strained relations between the two States, the Soviet Union had a notable influence on Pakistan’s political landscape. Simultaneously, there were persistent initiatives to release the stress between the two States through the improvement of cultural and trade ties.